International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS)

Welcome to IJABS

The International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the dissemination of cutting-edge research in applied and behavioral sciences.

About the Journal

The International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the dissemination of cutting-edge research in applied and behavioral sciences.

Aims and Scope:

International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) is an international scholarly/ academic journal, peer-reviewed/ refereed journal for faculty and research scholars. The journal is cross-disciplinary and serves as a forum for the exchange of the ideas and information related to the development of education, physical sciences, behavioral sciences, geography, home science, environmental sciences, biological sciences, etc., for the welfare of community. Articles focus upon concepts, practices and research in multiple disciplines. The journal invites articles in English language only. All articles undergo initial editor screening, peer review and review by the editorial board. Articles/ manuscripts submitted by the authors with author declaration and copy rights to publish are the property of the University, the journal is open access journal published by School of Applied and Behavioral Sciences, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana India.

Readers of the Journal:

The journal is open for all readers including students, research scholars, faculty members, and researchers, interested in the disciplines published by the Journal.

Open Access Statement:

International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences is an open access journal which means the content is freely available without any charges to the users or institutions for the welfare of education fraternity and society. Researchers/ users are allowed to download, copy, print, search, or links to the full text articles, etc. for the lawful purpose.

Publication Fee:

The journal is published by School of Applied and Behavioral Sciences, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana. The journal doesn’t charge any article processing fee or author fee or publication fee.

Copyright and License:Intellectual Property

Privacy Statement

The journal respects the intellectual property rights of authors and the confidential information shared by the authors with the journal is used exclusively for the stated purposes of the journal and will not be made available to any other party.

Copyright

In order to publish and disseminate research articles, we need certain publishing rights from authors, which are determined by a publishing agreement/ author declaration between the author and the Journal.

Authors grant declaration and consent, a copyright, to publish the article in International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) and identify itself as the original publisher. Copyright to any open access article in the journal is retained by the author(s) and the publisher only. Authors retain following rights:

Retain patent and trademark rights, rights to use their research data freely without any restriction, Receive proper attribution and credit for their published work, Re-use their own material in new works without permission, Use and share their works for scholarly purposes (with full acknowledgement of the original article), Publicly share the preprint on any website or repository at any time, Publicly share the accepted manuscript on non-commercial sites, Publicly share the final published article.

License

The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles. The journal chooses the licence Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license requires that reusers give credit to the creator. It allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form and for noncommercial purposes only. All readers are free to read and use the article, as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.

Author Declaration/ Author Consent/ License Agreement

In submitting an article to the journal, I certify that:

1. 1. I am authorized by my co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
2. 2. I warrant, on behalf of myself and my co-authors, that:
•  the article is original, has not been formally published in any other journal, is not under consideration by any other journal and does not infringe any existing copyright or any other third-party rights;
•  I am/we are the sole author(s) of the article and have full authority to enter into this agreement and in granting rights to IJABS are not in breach of any other obligation;
•  the article contains nothing that is unlawful, libelous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy;
•  I/we have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the article. To my/our - and currently accepted scientific - knowledge all statements contained in it purporting to be facts are true and any formula or instruction contained in the article will not, if followed accurately, cause any injury, illness or damage to the user.
•  If I am using any personal details or images of patients, research subjects or other individuals, I have obtained all consents required by applicable law and complied with the publisher policies relating to the use of such images or personal information.
• 3. I, and all co-authors, agree that the article, if editorially accepted for publication, shall be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
• 4. I have the consent of each author (co-authors) to transfer and assign any and all right, title, and interest, including copyright of the article referenced above. I hereby assign and transfer to the Editor International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) copyright and all rights under it.

Explanatory Notes:The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 provides the following summary (where ‘you’ equals ‘the user’):

You are free to:

1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
2. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, but not commercially.
3. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms

Under the following terms:

1. Attribution— you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
2. No additional restrictions—you may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Manuscript Deposition, and Digital Preservation

IJABS automatically deposits open access articles in institutional repository. Authors publishing in the Journal are encouraged to add the final published PDF in their ORCID, ResearchGate, Academia, SSRN or other research identifiers, or on any suitable research profilers/ identifiers on publication, however to protect the integrity and authenticity of the scientific record, authors will add published content link from the journal website to the research identifier/ profiler website. The university ensures that publications are preserved and available for future scholars, researchers, and students. IJABS endeavours to ensure that our content remains accessible and usable to our readers, regardless of media failure and technological change. So, the University deposits all contents on the institutional repository.

Editorial Board

Prof. (Dr) Sandeep Kumar, (Editor-in-Chief)

Dean, School of Sciences, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana

Managing Editors

Dr Suman, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: drsuman@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr Rishika Bhardwaj, Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.rishika@niilmuniversity.ac.in

Dr Richa Mor, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.richabiotech@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr. Vikrant Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.vikrant@niilmuniversity.ac.in

Dr Amrita Soni, Assistant Professor, Department of Paramedical Sciences, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.amrita@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr Preeti, Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: Preeti@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr Rajiv Pal, Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: rajiv4791@gmail.com
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr. Renu Bala , Associate Professor, Department of Library and Information Science, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.renu@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr. Pavitra Devi , Assistant Professor,Department of Yogic Science ,NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: drpavitra@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr. Manjeet Singh Jakhar,Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.manjeet@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr. Aradhna Sagwal, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathelogy, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: drardhana@niilmuniversity.ac.in
profile-link: www.niilmuniversity.ac.in/page/faculty

Dr Ekta, Assistant Professor, Faculty of school of Agriculture Allied Sciences, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: ekta@niilmuniversity.ac.in

Dr. Pankaj Kumar, Faculty of School of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, NIILM University Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: pankajrajput886@gmail.com

Prof.Dr. Kosga Yagapparaj Professor Putra International College Malaysia
e-mail: drkosga@iputra.edu.my
Profile Link: https://www.iputra.edu.my/v2/academic_staff.htm

Dr Blessing Agbo Ntamu Qualifications: PhD Educational Psychology, M.Ed. Guidance and Counselling Psychology, B. Sc. Biology Education Lecturer-I and Head External Relations, Department of Educational Foundations/Faculty of Educational Foundations Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State
e-mail: bntamu@unical.edu.ng
Organizational Profile Link: https://www.unical.edu.ng/staff/user/profile-blessingntamu

Prof.(Dr.) Mukesh Kumar Rana, Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NIILM University, Kaithal Haryana
e-mail: dr.mukesh@niilmuniversity.ac.in

Dr. Grace Oluremilekun Akanbi Chief Lecturer, School of Education, Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Erelu, P.M.B.1010, Oyo Town, Oyo State
e-mail: akanbigo@eauedoyo.edu.ng
Institutional Profile Link: https://graceakanbi.com

Aishat A. Yusuf Lecturer II, Department of Science Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeri
e-mail: yusuf.mf@unilorin.edu.ng
Institutional Profile Link: https://se.education.unilorin.edu.ng/staffmember/mrs-yusuf-aishat-abdulqadir

Dr Manisha D Bhagoji Executive Director, Professional Development Division, International Council for Education Research and Training (ICERT) Pennsylvania, 16565 USA
e-mail: Manisha@icert.org.in
Profile Link: https://www.icert.org.in/_files/ugd/17b227_f7b6ab68c24f4ffb89270fed25eaa02f

Dr. Preeti Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Lingaya's Vidyapeeth Faridabad
e-mail: dr.preeti@lingayasvidyapeeth.edu.in

Editorial team, International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS), make every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (content) contained in our publications. However, the University and Editorial Team make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by the NIILM University or School of Applied and Behavioral Sciences. The accuracy of the content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. The University and School of Applied and Behavioral Sciences, shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to, or arising out of the use of the content. This journal offers masked peer review (where both the authors’ and reviewers’ identities are not known to the other). All articles are double reviewed, by editorial board and peer group as per specialization.

Authors are advised to check their funders' deposition requirements to ensure compliance, if applicable.

Responsible Authorship and Contributorship

An author is considered anyone involved with initially involved in conception, research design, data collection and analysis, manuscript drafting, or final approval. However, the following do not necessarily qualify for authorship: providing funding or resources, mentorship, or contributing research but not helping with the publication itself. Authorship credit should reflect the individual’s contribution to the study. The primary author assumes responsibility for the publication, making sure that the data are accurate, that all deserving authors have been credited, that all authors have given their approval to the final draft; and handles responses to inquiries after the manuscript is published. Authors are usually listed in their order of importance, with the designation first or last author carrying special weight, although practices again vary by discipline. Academic institutions usually will not promote researchers to the rank of tenured faculty until they have been listed as first or last author on one or more papers. The journal invites articles from higher education students’ interest in the publishing research areas of the journal, research scholars, and faculty from different institutions, who fulfil the criteria of authorship.

Authors’ responsibility

The authors of each manuscript are asked to confirm that:

1. (1) The manuscript has not been previously published or submitted elsewhere.
2. (2) They made a significant contribution to the work and approved the final version of the manuscript.
3. (3) Their work complies with ethical standards and consents from the subjects.
4. (4) They are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
5. (5) They have obtained all necessary permissions to publish any figures or tables in the manuscript, if applicable as per the ethics and consent.

Authorship criteria

We require authors to refer to the criteria recommended by the Authorship and contributorship | COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics for defining authorship (1):

1. (1) Substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the data for the work; AND
2. (2) Drafting the article or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content; AND
3. (3) Final approval of the version to be published; AND
4. (4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Contributors who meet fewer than all four of the above criteria for authorship should not be listed as authors, but they should be acknowledged. Examples of activities that alone (without other contributions) do not qualify a contributor for authorship are acquisition of funding; general supervision of a research group or general administrative support; writing assistance, technical editing, language editing, and proofreading. Additionally, AI tools cannot be listed as an author of a paper as AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship and cannot take responsibility for the submitted work.

Authors must disclose in the Cover letter, Materials and Methods, and the Acknowledgement for applying any AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Bing) in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data. Disclosure should include - but is not limited to - all prompts used to generate new text, or to convert text or text prompts into tables or illustrations; the full prompt used to generate the research results; the time and date of a query; and the AI tool used and its version. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics.

Author contributions

Author contribution describes the contribution each author made to the manuscript. The ‘Contributions’ section should be presented as follows:

1. (I) Conception and design
2. (II) Administrative support
3. (III) Provision of study materials or subjects
4. (IV) Collection and assembly of data
5. (V) Data analysis and interpretation
6. (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors
7. (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors

Changes to authorship or contributorship

If there is any change in authorship and/or contributorship after the initial submission, approval from all authors must be presented. This applies to additions, deletions, changes of order to the authors, or contributions being attributed differently. Any change must be explained to the Editor. The Editor may seek ascertainment from any of the authors/contributors regarding whether they have agreed to any change.

When disagreements among authors arise, we follow the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) : https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts.

Recommended Reading: Authorship and Publication — U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Research Integrity

Publication Frequency and Timeline

International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) is a biannual online journal (2 issues per year) by school of applied and behavioral sciences.

Issue first of each volume publishes in January and issue second of the same volume publishes in July. Please note that there may be an interval of a few weeks between publication and the appearance of an article on Journal website, depending on the time required to process the article. The duration may vary from 4 weeks to 20 weeks.

Data Sharing and Reproducibility

The journal allows authors to share their published manuscripts on various research platforms/ identifiers like Research Gate, Google Scholar, Academia, SSRN, etc., after publication by mentioning the journal name as primary publishing platform. After one month of publication, authors can self-archive the accepted manuscript on their own personal website and/or in their funder or institutional repositories. By agreeing to write for the Journal, authors agree to accept our standard licensing terms including all policies. Those standard licensing terms supersede any other terms that the author or any third party may assert apply to any version of the manuscript.

In the interests of transparency, any financial and non-financial competing interests must be declared both within the text of the article. Authors can decline to disclose their competing interests if they are bound by confidentiality agreements, but regarding this, they need to submit the statement with manuscript.

The acknowledgement section can be used to thank anyone important in the publication of the work who does not qualify for authorship and to declare relevant funding information.

ORCID for authors

As part of our efforts to improve transparency in authorship, we request that all authors on published papers provide their Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID) before submitting/ resubmitting the final version of the manuscript.

Post Publication Discussion

Each author is responsible for providing early retractions or corrections of inaccuracies in published works. Editors are in charge of any author-requested revisions. The document will be amended and re-published on our website, along with the posting of a Correction, after the update request has been accepted. If any reader or author or reviewer have any concern about the article published, they can write to ijabs@niilmuniversity.ac.in. Errata, corrigenda, and retraction can be used to remedy any errors or faults detected in the article.

Journal Policy

Article Submission

International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) is an open access journal and remains open for general submissions year-round. Faculty and researchers from different disciplines could submit their articles electronically to ijabs@niilmuniversity.ac.in.

Please visit the Submission Guidelines for further information.

Please note that this journal accepts articles in English only.

Only high-quality, original, and unpublished research articles will be accepted.

There is no publication fee, publication charges, or article processing fee for this journal. This platform provides free-of-cost publication opportunities to the education fraternity.

A certificate of publication, a soft copy of the article with an article access link will be shared with authors.

Review Policy

Editorial Review and Peer Review

All submissions to International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) are first reviewed for completeness and only then sent to be assessed by an Editor who will decide whether they are suitable for peer review.Where an Editor is on the author list or has any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to oversee peer review. Editors will consider the peer-reviewed reports when making a decision, but are not bound by the opinions or recommendations therein. Authors receive peer review reports with the editorial decision on their manuscript, if not accepted for publication.

Editor(s) to obtain a minimum of two peer reviewers for manuscripts especially to discipline specific. Peer review reports should be in English/ Hindi and provide constructive critical evaluations of the authors’ work, particularly in relation to the appropriateness of methods used, whether the results are accurate, and whether the conclusions are supported by the results. Editorial decisions should be based on peer reviewer comments that meet these criteria rather than on recommendations made by short, superficial peer reviewer reports which do not provide a rationale for the recommendations

Peer reviewers are expected to provide an assessment on the following aspects of manuscripts: key results, validity, originality, significance, data and methodology, statistics, conclusion, clarity, contexts, references, and suggested improvements.

Communications between Editors and peer reviewers contain confidential information that should not be shared with third parties.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

This journal offers masked peer review (where both the authors’ and reviewers’ identities are not known to the other). All articles are double reviewed, by editorial board and peer group as per specialization. Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. Peer review is an essential component of formal scholarly communication, and lies at the heart of the scientific method. In addition to the specific ethics-related duties described below, reviewers are asked generally to treat authors and their work as they would like to be treated themselves and to observe good reviewing etiquette.

1. • Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and decline to participate in the review process.
2. • Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers must not share the review or information about the paper with anyone.
3. • Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in a reviewer’s own research.
4. • Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.
5. • Reviewers should not upload a submitted manuscript or any part of it into a generative AI tool as this may violate the authors’ confidentiality and proprietary rights and, where the paper contains personally identifiable information, may breach data privacy rights.
6. • Reviewers should not upload their peer review report into an AI tool, even if it is just for the purpose of improving language and readability.
7. • The reviewer is responsible and accountable for the content of the review report.
8. • A reviewer should be alert to potential ethical issues in the paper and should bring these to the attention of the editor, including any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which the reviewer has personal knowledge. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation.
9. • Reviewers should be aware of any personal bias they may have and take this into account when reviewing a paper. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
10. • Reviewers should consult the Editor before agreeing to review a paper where they have potential conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.
11. • The reviewer will submit review report the concerned editor only, who is assisting the reviewer in review process.

Responsibility of Editor/s

It is the overall responsibility of the editors to publish the high-quality articles as per journal policies and guidelines. Some responsibilities but not limited to mentioned below, are:

1.  Editors have total control over whether or not an article is accepted or rejected.
2.  Editors are in charge of the publication's content and general quality.
3.  When trying to promote a publishing, editors should constantly consider the demands of the writers and readers thereby ensuring that the articles are of top quality and that the academic record is accurate.
4.  When needed, editors should issue erroneous pages or make revisions and besides this should make judgments entirely on the basis of the articles' significance, originality, clarity, and relevance to the scope of the journal.
5.  Editors should have a thorough understanding of the funding sources for a study.
6.  Editors should protect reviewers' identities.
7.  Editors should make sure that any study they publish follows globally acknowledged ethical criteria.
8.  Editors should act if they suspect misbehavior in a manuscript, whether it is published or unpublished, and make all reasonable efforts to resolve the issue.

Plagiarism Policy

International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) only accepts high-quality, original, and unpublished research articles. We are strictly against any unethical act of copying or plagiarism in any form.All manuscripts submitted for publication are cross-checked for plagiarism using Turnitin Software. Manuscripts found to be critically plagiarized during initial stages of review will be rejected and not considered for publication in the journal. In case a manuscript is found to be critically plagiarized after publication, the Editor-in-Chief will conduct preliminary investigation, may be with the help of a suitable committee constituted for the purpose.

We respect intellectual property and aims at protecting and promoting original work of its authors. Manuscripts containing plagiarized material are against the standards of quality, research and innovation. Hence, all authors submitting articles are expected to abide ethical standards and abstain from plagiarism, in any form.

Editor-in-Chief shall take serious action against published manuscripts found to contain plagiarism, as recommended by or as deemed fit for the instant case or as decided by the Editorial Board, from time to time.

Corrections and Retractions Policy

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud, the editorial board will investigate as per journal guidelines.If there are valid concerns after an investigation, the authors will be contacted and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the journal and/or publisher’s implementation of the following measures, including, but not limited to:

1.  Rejecting the manuscript if it is still under consideration
2.  Resubmission of the article with corrections.
3.  If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction:
4. • An erratum/correction may be placed with the article.
5. • The article may be placed with an editor’s note or editorial expression of concern.
6. • Or, in severe cases, retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, editor’s note, editorial expression of concern, or retraction notice. Retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform watermarked “retracted,” and the explanation is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.

Ethical Statement

International Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences (IJABS) ensures the publication of high-quality original research having public trust and impact.The publisher remains constrained by requirements such as the copyright, infringement and plagiarism following the norms prescribed by the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) to support publication ethics. The publisher shall be responsible for keeping all correspondences secret and under no circumstance shall disclose anything that goes against the interest of authors, referees and editors of the journal. Stakeholder including the authors, reviewers and editors in publication and review process, are supposed to carefully follow the publication ethics and discourage publication malpractices of any kind.

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism, and ultimately the entire research community & endeavour. The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one publication for simultaneous consideration.The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. Please provide transparency on the re-use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’). A single study should not be split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various publications or to one publication over time (i.e. ‘salami-slicing/publishing’). Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image-based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data. No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that is copyrighted.

Consent

Informed consent is the process of telling potential research participants about the key elements of a research study and what their participation will involve.The informed consent process is one of the central components of the ethical conduct of research with human subjects. The consent process typically includes providing the required information (i.e., elements of informed consent) and the presentation of that information to prospective participants. Authors will be responsible for the personal information of the subject included in the article. Please read the Informend Consent Guidelines.

Human and Animal Rights

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association for experiments involving humans. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

Conflict of Interest Statement and Research Misconduct

As per Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines:

‘Conflicts of interest arise when authors, reviewers, or editors have interests that are not fully apparent and that may influence their judgments on what is published. They have been described as those which, when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived.’

Authors are required to read the journal’s author instruction and ethical policies carefully and to adhere to the terms before submission.

Many scholars, researchers and professionals may have potential conflicts of interest, that could – or could be seen to – have an effect on their research.

The editors, authors, and peer reviewers should disclose interests that might appear to affect their ability to present or review work objectively. These might include relevant financial interests (for example, patent ownership, stock ownership, consultancies, or speaker’s fees), or personal, political, or religious interests.

Articles will be evaluated fairly and will not necessarily be rejected when any competing interests are declared. Report of research misconduct, if any, may be related to a published article or a manuscript under peer-review process, should proceed with sensitivity, tact, in confidence, to ijabs@niilmuniversity.ac.in

All research misconduct complaints will be treated as per complaints and appeal policy, and Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines.

Complaints and Appeals

Complaints regarding any published materials will only be accepted within 12 months from the first publication date. In case of any complaint, the authors are required to submit their complaints along with their reasons to the editorial office via ijabs@niilmuniversity.ac.in e-mail address.

Every attempt will be made to provide a full response as earliest. Complaints will be dealt with by the journal office wherever possible, with reference to the journal policies. It will be escalated to the Editor-in-Chief where necessary. Where a complaint is made about an Editor, it will be independently investigated by one or the other two Editors or a committee constituted by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with University administration, if required so seeing the severity of the complaint. Complaints against authors and reviewers will also be dealt in the same manner. The Editor-in-Chief has the right to consult the other Editors or with any third party over the issue, and make a final decision. That final decision shall be binding, and the matter shall be deemed closed.

If you do not feel your complaint has been addressed, you may wish to refer it further. We will consider appeals against the editorial decision only under highly specific circumstances and usually only where a clear breach of policy can be demonstrated or author can indicate a clear misunderstanding of the article by the reviewer.

IJABS VOL 01 ISSUE 01 (2024)

IJABS VOL 02 ISSUE 01 (2025)

Submit Your Manuscript

Please take the time to read and follow the style and guidelines as closely as possible, as doing so will ensure your paper matches the journal’s requirements, and your paper can move through peer review, production and publication smoothly.

Besides the below mentioned guidelines for research article, APA, MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style as per discipline is also accepted for publication.

Your paper should be written with the following elements in the following order:

1.  Title: Title should be at the top of the first page, size 14, bold, not all letter in uppercase.
2.  Abstract: It should contain 250-300 words including problem statement, sample, methodology and conclusion in brief. There must be 4-5 keywords (only keyword italic, but not bold, other words normal).
3.  Main text: It must contain but not limited to introduction, materials/ tools and methods, results, discussion; acknowledgments (if any);, funder statement (if needed), ethical statement (if needed), references; appendices (as appropriate); table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); figures; figure captions (as a list).
4.  All in text citation must be hyperlinked with the references (cross-reference).
5.  Please use American/ British spelling style for English consistently throughout your manuscript.

The word length of the paper should be between 4000-20000, however for academic work like thesis and related it could be up to 40,000, and one column text paragraph.

Papers must be submitted in Word format/ Doc format, Paper size A4. Figures should be saved separately from the text, 1.5 space all text, 1-inch margins all around (top, bottom, left, right), recommended fonts: 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 12-point Times New Roman.

Citation: APA Style

1. Simran Mehta → Mehta, Simran/ Mehta, S.
2. Suman Bhukkal → Bhukkal, Suman/ Bhukkal, S.
3. Balwinder Kaur Gill → Gill, Balwinder Kaur/ Gill, B. K.

Figure caption: Font size- 10”, lower case and Write below the figure, position-center

Table Caption: Font- 10”, lower case and Top of the table, position-center

References: The reference number should follow the following format. For Journals Format: Authors Name (surname initials). Title of the article. Journal name, Volume number, Issue number, Year of publication, Pages number. APA Style 7th Edition

Journal Article: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the Periodical, volume(issue), #–#. https://doi.org/xxxx

Book: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.). Publisher. DOI or URL

Chapters in Edited Book: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (2nd ed., pp. #–#). Publisher. DOI or URL

About Author: Submit a brief profile of the author in the word file/ doc file, should not exceed more than one page, try to keep it as brief as possible.

Impact Statement: Each article must be submitted with impact statement in not more than 150 words.

Contact

School of Applied and Behavioral Sciences, NIILM University

Kaithal 136027, Haryana, India

Email: ijabs@niilmuniversity.ac.in

Tel. +91 1746 297676, Mob. +91 99928 00219